siege [error] socket: unable to connect sock.c:282: Connection refused

Written by Claudio Kuenzler - 0 comments

Published on February 7th 2024 - Listed in Linux Nginx Apache Security

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siege is a HTTP benchmark tool, which I have already used in the past to run a HTTP stress-test on a web-application.

While stress-testing a local Nginx and the application behind it, I ran into a cryptic error:

root@webserver:~# siege -b --concurrent=100 -H "Host: app.example.com" https://localhost:443 -t 60S
[error] socket: unable to connect sock.c:282: Connection refused
[error] socket: unable to connect sock.c:282: Connection refused
[error] socket: unable to connect sock.c:282: Connection refused
[...]
{    "transactions":                       0,
    "availability":                    0.00,
    "elapsed_time":                    0.15,
    "data_transferred":                0.00,
    "response_time":                0.00,
    "transaction_rate":                0.00,
    "throughput":                    0.00,
    "concurrency":                    0.00,
    "successful_transactions":               0,
    "failed_transactions":                1123,
    "longest_transaction":                0.00,
    "shortest_transaction":                0.00
}

The reason for the error is not really shown, but "socket" is a hint. A comment in issue #176 on the siege GitHub repository confirms the hint: The error only happens when using localhost as address. When using the lo IP instead (127.0.0.1), siege does its benchmark as expected:

root@webserver:~# siege -b --concurrent=100 -H "Host: app.example.com" https://127.0.0.1:443 -t 60S

{    "transactions":                     115,
    "availability":                    3.03,
    "elapsed_time":                    4.83,
    "data_transferred":               67.66,
    "response_time":                2.72,
    "transaction_rate":               23.81,
    "throughput":                   14.01,
    "concurrency":                   64.79,
    "successful_transactions":             100,
    "failed_transactions":                3685,
    "longest_transaction":                3.37,
    "shortest_transaction":                0.01
}

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