The pressure shock-wave from the Tonga volcano explosion caught by Adafruit/Bosch BME680 VOC sensor monitoring

Written by Claudio Kuenzler - 0 comments

Published on January 20th 2022 - Listed in Hardware Monitoring Personal Influx Grafana

Never underestimate the small things in life!

In this case, the tiny Bosch BME680 VOC sensor, soldered on a Adafruit break-out board, is not larger than a small coin. However it is able to accurately measure the environment around it - for example the air pressure, measured in HectoPascal (hpa).

Adafruit BME680 and Raspberry Pi

The Adafruit BME680 chip is connected to the Raspberry Pi (I am using a Raspberry Pi 3b+) using the I2C connection. This uses a couple of pins on the GPIO headers. The Adafruit documentation shows how to correctly wire the chip.

After the headers (connector pins) were correctly soldered to the chip and wired to the Raspberry Pi, the sensor should be detected and seen in i2cdetect:

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo i2cdetect -y 1
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
00:          -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 77

To retrieve the sensor data, there are two possibilities: Adafruit's own Python code, using CircuitPython and the BME680 extension for it or using the Bosch BSEC program, which is a closed source library for Bosch sensors.

After fiddling around with both of them and comparing sensor data, I decided to continue with Bosch's BSEC as the results were closer to reality. This combo has been running 24/7 since April 2020.

Note: The BME680 CircuitPython code has changed a lot since April 2020, which probably improved accuracy.

Monitoring the sensor data

To continuously retrieve the data from the sensor, the check_bme680 monitoring plugin is used. Usually monitoring plugins consist of a single script being executed on a regular interval. In this case however, there are two parts:

bsec_bme680.c: This is the source code of a binary program, which needs to be compiled with the Bosch BSEC library. It's the program to be run in the background. It will communicate with the sensor and log the retrieved data in a log file.
check_bme680.sh: This is the monitoring plugin, basically reading the last line of the log file (written to by the bsec_bme680 binary).

The check_bme680 plugin is executed in a 1 minute interval. This is triggered by a central monitoring system (I am using Icinga 2) using a remote plugin execution program (such as NRPE).

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ grep voc /etc/nagios/nrpe_local.cfg
command[check_vocsensor]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_bme680.sh

When the plugin is executed, it returns the values both in output and performance data:

The performance data is picked up by Icinga and inserted into an InfluxDB timeseries database (using the InfluxdbWriter feature).

Now that the data is stored in InfluxDB, the data can be used to create some nice statistical graphs in Grafana:

In my dashboard configuration, all metrics are shown by default in the same graph. By selecting a particular metric, the graph is adjusted for the selected metric (temperature here):

Shock wave from Tonga

The eruption from the "Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai" volcano in Tonga caused a massive shock-wave, which could be seen very well on satellite pictures:

Shock-wave after volcano eruption in Tonga

Image courtesy: NOAA satellite, Space Videos on Youtube

This shock-wave traveled across the world. And even on the other side of the world, here in Switzerland, the shock-wave could be seen by looking at the air pressure. That's one of the environmental data the BME680 sensor picks up. And to my very surprise, the shock-wave could clearly be seen as a large spike, followed by a large drop:

Shock-wave after volcano eruption in Tonga, seen in Switzherland by pressure change

Even the second shock wave a few hours can very well be seen:

The pressure shock-wave from the Tonga volcano explosion caught by Adafruit/Bosch BME680 VOC sensor monitoring

Adafruit BME680 and Raspberry Pi

Monitoring the sensor data

Shock wave from Tonga

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