Last Friday (June 16th 2017) I ran apt-get upgrade on a Linux Mint 18.1 machine and then rebooted the machine. To my big disbelieve the machine didn't come up anymore. After the grub2 menu, the following error appeared:
Loading Linux 4.4.0-53-generic ...
error: attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0'.
Loading initial ramdisk ...
error: you need to load the kernel first.
Press any key to continue...
Erm...Noooo! T_T
I booted into the Linux Mint 18.1 Live CD, mounted the drive /dev/sda1 as /mnt, bind mounted sys dev and proc and recreated the initramfs inside the chroot jail of the installed Linux Mint:
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
mkinitramfs -o /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-53-generic
update-grub
grub-install /dev/sda
exit
reboot
But I still got the same error after the reboot... I also manually selected the correct partition in grub in order to rule out a grub2 error:
grub> ls
(hd0) (hd0,msdos5) (hd0,msdos1)
grub> ls (md0,msdos5)
Partition hd0,msdos5: No known filesystem detected...
grub> ls (md0,msdos1)
Partition hd0,msdos1: Filesystem type ext* - last modification time 2017-06-19 05:44:26....
Partition start at 1024KiB - Total size 486333440KiB
grub> set root=(hd0,msdos1)
grub> set prefix=(hd0,msdos1)/boot/grub
grub> insmod normal
grub> normal
This got me back to the (updated) grub menu, but once I selected the entry for Linux Mint I got the same error again.
I booted again with the Live CD, this time with the goal to reinstall the Linux Kernel.
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
apt-get install linux-image-generic
To my big surprise a new Linux Kernel 4.4.0-79 was installed. I expected apt to return "already installed" or something like this.
The installer returned some errors complaining about missing Linux headers but still finished the installation of the new linux-image package. I installed the header package afterwards:
apt-get install linux-headers-4.4.0-79-generic
The installation of the new Kernel packages created a new initramfs in /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-79-generic and also a new/updated entry in /boot/grub/grub.cfg with the new available Kernel version.
I exited the chroot environment and rebooted the machine:
exit
reboot
And this time Linux Mint 18.1 was booting again.
Update July 4th 2017: I experienced an extremely laggy OS on this very same Linux mint machine so I checked the current status of the disk. And found this:
# smartctl /dev/sda -a
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-79-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Caviar Blue (SATA)
Device Model: WDC WD5000AAKS-00V1A0
Serial Number: WD-WMAWF2141256
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 0575fb08f
Firmware Version: 05.01D05
User Capacity: 500.107.862.016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Tue Jul 4 08:43:57 2017 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x84) Offline data collection activity
was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 7380) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 88) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x303f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 698
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 144 141 021 Pre-fail Always - 3800
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 104
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 024 024 000 Old_age Always - 55700
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 102
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 37
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 66
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 097 093 000 Old_age Always - 46
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 189 189 000 Old_age Always - 899
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 197 197 000 Old_age Offline - 277
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 198 193 000 Old_age Offline - 464
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 53425 579131664
# 2 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 50463 -
# 3 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 40082 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
Yes, you see correctly: 899 sectors pending re-allocation and 277 sectors definitely defect. In the SMART self-test log there's even a read failure mentioned. Given the amount of hours this disk has lived so far (55700) this is not at all a surprise.
At least now I understand why apt-get upgrade resulted in such a broken OS before: The disk was already dying then.
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